Changes in heat shock protein expression and mineral uptake of arbuscular mycorrhizal spore-applied maize of low and high temperature applications

In this study, changes in mineral element concentrations, physiological parameters and gene expression of heat shock proteins were investigated in maize plants subjected to mycorrhiza under low and high temperature stress. The study was carried out in controlled conditions and in pots according to the factorial experimental design with 3 replications. The application of 7 different temperatures (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 25°C (control), 35 °C, 40 °C and 45 °C) under 5 mycorrhizal treatments, including one mycorrhizal-free (M0=control/witness) and four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species (M1, M2, M3, M4) constitutes the factors of the experiment. Mycorrhizas were applied to 2000 spores per kilogram of soil. With the application of mycorrhiza, the above-ground fresh and dry weights were found to be the highest in the control plants where the M3 mycorrhiza species mixture was applied. The highest values in mineral element contents were determined at the control temperature (25 °C) in the maize plant, where M4 at N, P, K, Ca and Fe concentrations, M3 at Cu and Mn concentrations, and M2 at Mg and Zn concentrations. It was determined that lipid peroxidation gradually increased with temperature changes in all applications, and the protective effect of proline was more pronounced at high temperatures than at low temperatures. It has been determined that GR activity has more important effects in providing tolerance to temperature changes in symbiosis with M1 and M2, APX and CAT enzyme activities with M3 and M4 species, while SOD activity is ineffective. In all mycorrhiza applications, the synthesis of HSP70 and HSP90 reached a maximum at 10 ºC, 40 ºC and 45 ºC. It has been revealed that low and high temperature applications in maize plant cause serious changes in the mycorrhiza symbiosis on the basis of the investigated parameters, and these changes occur at different levels depending on the temperature changes and the differences between mycorrhiza species. It will also help the studies on the development of mycorrhizal species that are tolerant to low or high temperature stress by forming the basis for different transcriptomic studies that can be done in the future on this subject.