An examination of Tevfik el-Hakim's works 'Avdetu'l-Va'y and Vesaik fî Tariki 'Avdeti'l-Va'y from a literary and historical perspective.

Egypt has entered into numerous conflicts with Israel and has suffered heavy defeats in these confrontations. The fact that a nation bearing historical wounds inflicted by Israel now appears weak in providing aid to Palestine and refrains from opening its border crossings has emerged as a subject worthy of debate. At this point, it becomes necessary to explain how Egypt arrived at this mindset and what factors led it to adopt such a mode of thinking. Many authors have written works addressing Egyptian history. Egypt, which has hosted an ancient civilization, has had its experiences throughout its known history examined and narrated in myths, novels, stories, and legends. Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm, a writer renowned for his numerous works written both in the West and in Egypt, deserves particular attention, especially because he witnessed the emergence, establishment, and rise of Israel in the period following the First and Second World Wars. During his lifetime, he produced works dealing with the birth of Israel, Egypt's process of transformation, and the era of ʿAbd al-Nāṣir. Among these works are ʿAwdat al-Waʿy and Wathāʾiq fī ṭarīq ʿawdat al-waʿy. In these two works, translated as The Return of Consciousness and Documents on the Road to the Return of Consciousness, the author conveys to the reader Egypt's experience during the period of ʿAbd al-Nāṣir and the rivalry between Israel and Egypt.In particular, drawing on the revolutions that occurred during his lifetime, the author examines Egypt's decline in the face of Israel and how Egypt, which once embraced the Palestinian cause as its own, gradually drifted away from this path. In this context, it has become necessary to learn, through the author's pen, how Egypt weakened during the period of revolutions despite once being a powerful country, and to understand the present condition of neighboring Palestine.