Effect of interimplant distances of implants placed by osseodensification and conventional drilling on primary stability and the evaluation of the temperatures produced by these drilling techniques

Dental implants are biocompatible structures that are surgically placed into the jawbone to replace missing teeth and function as natural tooth roots. The most critical step for the successful osseointegration of a dental implant is achieving primary stability. The aim of this study is to compare the heat generated in bovine rib bones during irrigation-free drilling using two different implant drilling techniques: osseodensification and conventional drills, and to examine their effects on primary stability and the potential for necrosis. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate how the placement of a second implant at a distance of 9.7 mm from the first implant, using both osseodensification and conventional techniques, affects the primary stability of the first implant. Furthermore, the impact of a third implant placed at a distance of 3 mm from the two implants on the primary stability of the first implant will also be assessed. A total of 60 implants (3.7×8 mm) (Venus; Turkey) were placed into 20 bovine rib bones, divided into two groups: osseodensification technique (n=30) and conventional technique (n=30). Three sockets were created in each bone. During drilling, 60 sockets were created at 800 rpm without irrigation, and the heat generated by the drills was recorded. The implants were placed into bone blocks using a physio-dispenser at a speed of 40 rpm. Resonance frequency analysis was performed using a SmartPeg. Student's t-test and ANOVA were used for the comparison of temperatures between groups. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. When drill diameters were compared, it was observed that the low-diameter drill of Densah had a higher mean temperature than all other drills. Additionally, osseodensification drills (Densah) generated higher mean temperatures compared to conventional drills. Implants placed using the osseodensification technique showed significantly higher ISQ values compared to those placed with the conventional technique. It was observed that interimplant distances had no effect on ISQ values in implants placed with either the conventional or osseodensification technique. Larger-scale clinical studies are needed to support these findings.