Integration of electric vehicles to the city network: The case of Mardin

Increasing environmental sensitivities and rising energy prices day by day push people to seek different ways. In particular, the increase in air pollution and the effects of greenhouse gases have a significant impact on human life. Therefore, it has revealed the need to reduce these effects to minimum levels. The fact that the transportation sector is among the main polluting factors and the world's increasing energy demand has paved the way for alternative searches in the transportation sector. The main result of the studies on this subject is the necessity of using electric vehicles more effectively, which has superior advantages in terms of environmental effects and energy efficiency. Thanks to their environmentally friendly structure, fuel efficiency and simple structure, electric vehicles stand before us as the most ideal means of transportation. By providing an energy flow from the vehicle to the grid, electric vehicles also provide more effective use of renewable energy sources, which have increased in popularity in recent years. These sources, which are unstable in energy production, can effectively store the production during production hours as backup power to the grid. Electric vehicles get their energy from battery packs to provide mobility. These battery packs need to be charged periodically. Charging is done by means of charging stations produced in different profiles. In order to keep the electric vehicle development at the desired levels, it is desired to keep the charging times in a short time. In order for the charging process to be carried out in a short time, it is necessary to provide high power transfer. This situation has revealed fast charging stations. There are certain standards and systems for charging around the world. The stations that meet the charging needs of electric vehicles obtain the power required for the charging process from the grid. In particular, connecting charging stations that provide high power transfer per unit time to the grid creates disruptive effects on the grid. Therefore, it can affect the energy quality of the grid. Charging stations integrated into the grid should not adversely affect the grid in terms of both energy quality and keeping harmonic levels within legal limits. In this study, the effects that will occur on the power flow with the integration of electric vehicles into the grid are emphasized. In order to examine the possible effects of electric vehicle structures on the network, a model was created in the Matlab/Simulink program based on the distribution transformer belonging to a region of Mardin province. In the designed simulation, the number of vehicles is estimated over the number of subscribers fed from the distribution transformer, and the effects on the grid are examined by predicting the transformation of these vehicles into electric vehicle structures at different rates in the coming years. A comparison was made by simulating the situations where there is no electric vehicle and at different rates. While creating the model, the solar power plant in Mardin province, which is in a very good condition in terms of capacity, was designed to feed the system and the radiation values of the province of Mardin were introduced to the system and the capacity of the solar energy to meet the total load requirement was analyzed. Within the scope of the study, the load values on the transformers of the power demand that will occur according to the use of charging stations at different speeds and the estimation of the number of different electric vehicles have been studied.