Optimization of callus cultures and determination of biologic activities of ethanol extracts of endemic Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech var. elazigensis

Within the scope of this thesis, a practical protocol was developed for the initiation and optimization of callus cultures of Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech var. elazigensis, an endemic species belonging to the genus Salvia, containing valuable secondary metabolites with medicinal and aromatic importance; and the biological activities of callus cultures were investigated. In this context, the effect of the combination of auxin (IAA, IBA and 2,4 D) and cytokinin (BAP, Kin and TDZ) BBD, each of which is 1 mg/l, on the formation of callus cultures was tested. For the optimization of callus development, different media (MS, WPM, SH, Gamborg B5) prepared at 1/1 strength, different sugar types (glucose and sucrose) and concentrations (15, 30 and 45 mg/l), different pH (4.5, 5.8, and 7) and different light intensity (light and dark) applications were tried. It was observed that 100% green and friable texture callus tissues were formed in MS broth containing 1 mg/l TDZ+ IBA. In addition, optimum callus development was obtained in an MS medium containing 15 g sucrose, 1 mg/l TDZ + 1 mg/l IBA, supplemented with 6.2 g agar, prepared at ½ strength and adjusted to pH 7. It was determined that the ethanol extract of callus tissues had high total phenolic (52.65±1.87 μg PEs/mg), total flavonoid content (16.19±0.81 μg QEs/mg) and exhibited antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), antityrosinase, anti-collagenase and antihypertensive activities. In addition, it was determined that callus tissues contain oleanonic (1172,745 ppm), oleanolic (878,191 ppm), and moronic acid (519,113 ppm) triterpene varieties, but they do not contain triterpenes such as alpha amirine, betulinic, ursolic and ursonic acid.