Investigation of the usageability of functional carbon materials prepared from industrial waste with the hydrothermal method in environmental and energy applications

The basis of this master's study is to produce sustainable carbon materials (SCM) from peanut shells (YK), using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTK) method, which is a new alternative to the carbonization methods used in the past, and to examine the performance of the carbon materials obtained in environmental and energy applications. Therefore, SCs, which have a large amount of agricultural waste production and are easy to obtain, were chosen as the starting material for the preparation of the new type of SCM. The effect of temperature and time on the HTK of YK was analyzed and its optimization was made. As a result of the studies carried out at 180oC, 200oC, 240oC temperatures and 6, 12, 24 hours, 240oC temperature and 6 hour time were determined as optimal values depending on the elemental, energy and efficiency parameters. Optimal hydrocoal (YKHK) was produced and magnetic hydrocoal composite (MYKHK) material was synthesized under optimum conditions. FT-IR spectra to determine surface functional groups of YKHK and MYKHK, SEM analyzes to determine morphological properties, XRD analyzes to examine crystal properties and elemental analyzes to determine CHNS percentages were performed. Methyl orange (MO) and Methylene blue (MM) dyestuffs were selected as adsorbed in order to examine the adsorbing performance of the prepared SCMs. It was determined that the findings obtained as a result of adsorption studies with YKHK and MYKHK were compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model, one of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacities of MM and MO for YKHK were found to be 68.49 mg/g and 25.58 mg/g, respectively. For MYCHC, MM and MO were found to be 48.31 mg/g and 12.90 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the capacitive performances of the electrodes created by preparing electrodes from YKHK and MYKHK were investigated with the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Studies were carried out in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution against Ag/AgCl (3.0 M) reference electrode. When the electrodes obtained from YKHK and MYKHK are compared with each other; It was determined that MYKHK electrode had the highest capacitive performance (107-325 F g-1) at a scanning rate of 20 mVs-1. In this study, it was concluded that YKHK and MYKHK functional carbon materials produced with HTK are suitable for environmental applications with their high adsorption capacities, and for energy applications with their electrode performances.