The use and effects of information and communication technologies in logistics activities of industrial enterprises

In today's globally competitive environment, sustainable success in industrial enterprises heavily depends on the effective and efficient management of logistics processes. Rapidly changing customer expectations, the widespread adoption of digital technologies, and increasing operational costs have necessitated the implementation of more flexible, traceable, and digital-based logistics systems. In this context, information and communication technologies (ICT) have become a key component in the digital transformation of logistics operations. This study aims to examine the use of ICT in the logistics activities of industrial enterprises operating in the province of Bartın. Specifically, it investigates the areas in which these technologies are applied, the benefits they provide, the challenges encountered, and the future digitalization plans of the enterprises. The research was conducted using a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews were held with 14 enterprises operating in various sectors in Bartın, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. Findings reveal that while the majority of enterprises actively utilize basic ICT tools—such as ERP systems, barcode scanners, handheld terminals, and spreadsheet programs like Excel—the adoption of advanced systems remains limited. ERP platforms, particularly SAP and Logo Tiger, are widely used, though some firms still rely on traditional communication tools such as emails, telephone calls, and manual systems. The primary benefits of ICT usage in logistics processes include the reduction of human errors, increased processing speed, improved data flow, more efficient inventory management, and enhanced responsiveness to customer demands. However, several barriers to ICT adoption were also identified. These include high technology costs, system complexity, employee adaptation challenges, and the shortage of qualified personnel. Some businesses perceive their current systems as sufficient and do not see the need for further technological investment, while others struggle with the risks and training requirements associated with digital transformation. Looking ahead, participant enterprises expressed interest in investing in mobile applications, integrated ERP systems, vehicle tracking solutions, robotic technologies, and artificial intelligence-based software. Although some enterprises have not yet developed concrete digitalization strategies, they continue to follow technological developments closely and believe that technological investments will enhance operational efficiency in the long term. In conclusion, this thesis provides current and original insights into the use of ICT in the logistics operations of industrial enterprises in Turkey. It contributes to the academic literature and serves as a valuable reference for businesses aiming to digitize their logistics processes. Furthermore, it lays a solid foundation for future in-depth research in this field.