Feasibility analysis of energy transmission systems on grid voltage and frequency regulation using facts elements

In interconnected power systems, continuity is an essential requirement for the supply of electrical energy and in order to provide this, production and consumption amounts must always be in balance. This can only be possible by means of balancing the voltage and frequency of the power system. i.e., there must always be the supply and demand equilibrium. Failing that, undesired large dynamic oscillations and voltage collapse may occur, and the quality of electrical energy in interconnected power systems deteriorates and this may cause regional or national crashes. Within the scope of the study, it has been shown that by arranging the power transfers their carrying capacity can be increased within certain limits by keeping power systems under control with micro-electronics, communication, and advanced controller applications. While the voltage size and phase angle of the bus are controlled with FACTS devices, system losses can be minimized by safely loading the transmission lines within the operating limits. By using neural network algorithms, the optimum locations and dimensions of the FACTS devices were determined in order to minimize the technical losses. The optimization study was implemented by GA and PSO algorithms. The optimum bus was obtained as the north bus and the output power of the FACTS devices was acquired as 255 MVAr. Using optimization techniques of different neural network methods, the effects of FACTS on the voltage stability, and the reduction of system losses have been demonstrated. As a result of the optimizations study, the bus voltages of the energy transmission system were regulated and the system loadability was increased due to the reduction of losses. In this work, the power system of the Western Mediterranean grid was modeled using Dig-SILENT Power Factory software for load flow analyses using realistic national data. In case of failure in the power system, bus voltages, active and reactive load flows were analyzed. FACTS devices are dynamic power systems that can produce and consume reactive power based on instantaneous needs, have a fast reaction time, are safe, and have operational flexibility. It is determined by realistic parameters that maximum load limits in energy transmission systems can be increased in this way and facilitate the control of the power system. The effects of SVC and STATCOM controllers on the stability limits of the system against voltage crashes in the power system were studied. The loading capacity of critical busses has increased with the integration of optimized FACTS devices. Due to system failures occurring in the network model, excessive oscillations occur in critical bus voltages. FACTS devices keep bus voltages at operating limits in the case of voltage drops (0.95-1.0 p.u.), and voltage increases (1.0-1.05 p.u.). In addition, by improving the voltage stability of the generator, the capacity of the power system has been increased accordingly. Total technical losses of 55.87 MWh in the power transmission system were reduced to 52.88 MWh with SVC controllers and 48.48 MWh with STATCOM controllers. The highest performance in reducing technical losses was performed by the STATCOM controller, which reduced losses by 13.22%, while the technical losses were reduced by 5.33% with the SVC controllers. STATCOM controllers have been extended the operating limits of the existing transmission system by minimizing transmission losses more effectively than SVC controllers. STATCOM controllers can provide 10% more reactive power than SVC controllers in the modeled pilot power system. It is considered STATCOM controllers respond to sudden reactive power changes and voltage drops by switching in less than 1% of the simulation time and stabilizing the system in less than 5% of the simulation duration. The feasibility study was carried out for the pilot grid which is a national electric power transmission system using FACTS technology with the realistic network data. The results obtained. In the light of the feasibility analysis, by increasing the sensitivity of the voltage and reactive power control for the Turkey's interconnected system, the balance of production and consumption may be achieved, and that can contribute to reduce the cost of energy transmission by lowering the technical losses.