Erişkin hematoloji polikliniğinde ilk başvurusunda anemi tespit edilen erkek hastalarin etyolojik değerlendirilmesi

Aim : Anaemia is a very common condition which occurs in all age, sex, and ethnic groups. It affects quality of life and leads up to many other helath problems. Anaemia is not a diagosis of a disease, but a laboratory findings. Thefefore, ethological causes of the anemia has to be searched for the patients suffered from anemia.In this study, it has been aimed to investigate the etiological causes of anemia in adult males who applied to the adult hematology polyclinic for various reasons and detected anemia at first application. Material & Metod:Adult male patients who were diagnosed with anemia in their full blood count during their first visits to the hematology polyclinic have been included to the study. The hemoglobin value of a full blood count of less than 13 g/dL has been considered anemia.Hematocrit and erythrocyte counts, and erythrocyte indices, leukocyte counts and platelet counts have been evaluated from complete blood counts of the patients who had anemia. Results of peripheral smear evaluation, serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12, folic acid, Coombs test, bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, hemoglobin electrophoresis, serum and/or immunofluorescence electrophoresis and cytogenetic studies were used in differential diagnosis in the patients with anemia. SPSS for Windows Version 17.0 software was used for statistical evaluation of our research data. Findings: Between a total of 7840 male patients who were retrospectively examined, 473 (6 %) who had anemia at first admissionhas been included to the study. 235 (49.7%) of the 474 male patients with anemia were diagnosed with benign diseases and 238 (50.3%) with malignant diseases asanemia reasons. At the first CBC evaluation of 473 male patients with anemia, the mean hemoglobin value, the leukocyte count , and the platelet count were 9.61 ± 2.149 g / dL, 239.950 ± 212.403 / μL, and 239.950 ± 212.403 / μL respectively. Also, the mean hemoglobin value, the leukocyte count, and the platelet count of 235 patients with bening etiology were established as 9.57 ± 2.109 g / dL, 6.490 ± 2.842 / μL, and 260.430 ± 129.069 / μL respectively. In addition, in 238 patients with malignant etiology, the mean hemoglobin value, the leukocyte count, and the platelet count were 9.66 ± 2.195g / dL, 26.652 ± 43.146 / μL, and 218.160 ± 273.276 / μL in return.Although there was 41 no statistically significant difference between hemoglobin values for benign and malignant (p = 0.492), a significant difference in leukocyte and platelet values (p = 0.0001) was found. The most frequently detected anemia in the patients participated to the study was found as anemia of iron deficiency (DEA).DEA was detected in 97 of 473 male patients (20.5%) Among the Bening causes, anemia due to DEA + Vitamin B12 deficiency with 60 patients (%12.7). and anemia due to lack of isolated vitamin B12 with 37 patients (%7.9) were found as second and third most common causes of anemia respectively..Among the malignant causes of anemia in our patients, multiple myeloma was the most common etiologic cause with 63 (26.5%) patients, acute myeloid leukemia wasthe second cause with 39 (16.4%) patients, and chronic lymphocytic leukemiawas the third most common etiologic cause with 32 patients (13.4%). The average age of the patients participated to the study was 59.9 years (20- 90 years). In Bening etiologies, the mean age was 55.6 years, while malignant etiologies were 64.3 years. Conclusion: Our most important goal in this study was to investigate the causes of anemia in male patients with anemia in the their first visit to the adult hematology polyclinic. We found malignant diseases in 50.3% of the 473 male patients participated to our study, and 49.7% of benign diseases as the cause of anemia.We found multiple myeloma as malignant disease and DEA as benign disease as most common reasons for the anemia.The fact that the number of patients participating in the study was low and only the patients who are referred to the hematology polyclinic were considered for the study are limited the value of our study. Therefore, there is a further need to more extensive work to strengthen our findings.