Stones used in the construction of Erzurum Double Minaret Madrasa and their problems

This study identifies the deterioration of building stones used in the construction of the Çifte Minareli (Hatuniye) Madrasa, one of the most important architectural monuments from the Anatolian Seljuk and Ilkhanid periods in the Erzurum region. The relationship between the deterioration of the stones and factors such as climate and environmental conditions, the structure's connection with the ground, and potential anthropogenic impacts were investigated. Additionally, nondestructive testing (NDT) methods were employed to assess moisture, thermal imaging, roughness, and Schmidt hammer hardness measurements on the andesite stones used in the structure. The material properties of the stones were identified, and the condition of the problematic sections within the structure, along with the factors and types of deterioration, were analyzed. This study aims to support future efforts in the preservation of other historical and cultural heritage in the region by enabling faster responses, and it is expected to contribute to the groundwork for future efforts in preserving such monuments for future generations.