Eskişehir Tephromela m. choisy cinsi liken türlerinin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal etkisinin i̇ncelenmesi ve moleküler i̇dentifikasyonu

In this study, antimicrobial activities of Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner lichen extracts obtained with acetone, dichloromethane, petrol ether and methanol solvents against various microorganisms were investigated using disc diffusion and microdilution method. In addition, α- alectoronic acid, atranorin, and α-collatolic acid were identified as bioactive substances and isolated using TLC plate technique. MIC values of these substances were determined by using broth microdilution method with 96-well microtiter plates. Also, the antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts was analyzed using the DPPH free radical method. The results showed that Tephromela atra extracts have antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, all extracts were found to show remarkable activity against all Candida species except Candida krusei. MIC values of α-alectoronic acid and α-collatolic acid had a significant effect in different concentrations on tested microorganisms. The antioxidants results show a high level of absorptions, scavenging effect, and antioxidants activity for all extracts, they exhibited strong antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity and the results show more than 50% inhibition for all concentrations. In this study, molecular characterization of ITS genes of Tephromela atra and Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafelner & Cl. Roux was performed. The sequences obtained were compared with the ITS sequences of the other Tephromela species recorded in GenBank and phylogenetic relationship was evaluated. The results give a perspective that Tephromela atra extracts and the natural pure substances obtained can be effectively used as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the field of pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, ITS, Lichens, Tephromela.