Energy production from manucipal waste–study case: Gaziantep city waste

Waste is defined as the material which is not wanted and/or a material needed to be removed from society. This definition especially in the twentieth century, is changed in the favor of the waste itself. By means of the technological and the environmental developments, waste becomes an important material, simply a source of energy. These developments put a different view on the term of the waste and the meaning of waste is elevated to the level of "renewable energy sources" in the current century. The main reason for this new definition is the public awareness of limited nature of the energy in the world. Chemically the components of waste can be reused and/or recovered as raw materials. This allows not only to decrease the greenhouse gas emission but also to introduce a "valuable goods" meaning to the waste definition. With the help of other improvements summarized in the title of "sustainable development" and "environmental management", waste management became an acceptable term economically, socially and environmentally, in the developed and developing countries. Waste is produced inevitably as a result of any human activity. In years of 2000s, while the the production of waste was 430 kg/years per person in EU countries, Turkish one was only at around 380 kg/year per person. However these values are increasing with the increase in the population and the wealth of societies due to the economical developments. Consequently the management of waste becomes a requirement which involves elimination and processing steps. This not only is essential for environmental health but also is a necessity for economic improvement. In this thesis, the subject of municipality waste recovery as an energy source is studied. Mainly the production of household waste and its characteristics were examined and the potential of recovery mechanics were investigated. As a particular case; the engineering approach to generate energy from landfill gases from the landfill areas of the city of Gaziantep is given. This energy which is generated from municipal waste is recovered by systematic processed which can be summered under the name of "the integrated waste management". This involves the usage of landfill gasses in the generation of electric and thermal energy, direct biomechanical method (anaerobic decomposition and biogas production), composting (waste-derived fuel production) and thermal methods (mass incineration, pyrolysis and gasification) processes. Several factors involve in choosing the effective process for waste recovery and energy production. Of these factors, the people's wealth, consumption patterns, economic activities, topographical and climatic conditions, seasonal changes, municipal waste generation per capita, waste material group analysis, humidity and solid waste concentrations, calorific values of the components of waste can be count. The characterization of domestic municipal solid waste production after years of 2000s is determined within the frame work of these factors. The Turkish waste-to-energy potential is tried to be identified. According to a "National Waste Management Strategy Document" of our country up to 2030 years; waste management targets, estimates changes in waste quantity and its characters are discussed. In particular, the estimated values of waste deposition and gas generation respect to the landfill developments were evaluated. In the chapters of this thesis where Gaziantep EKA's recovery subject is given, the landfill gas amounts which is obtained from Sahinbey Lanfill Area is estimated using "Landfill Gas Emission Model" for the periods of [2010 to 2039] and [2039 to 2059]. The later period is going to be the shutdown years for this particular landfill area. The yearly variation of the energy amounts which will be created from the burning of waste gasses is given. These values are calculated/estimated by using internal combustion engine methods. Then, present and future perspectives were made for solid waste Gaziantep. Analysis of the energy production potential is estimated by making certain assumptions. According to these estimates, from one ton of the original MSW, 113 m3 of landfill gas can be obtained by calculation. However, due to the lack of data taken into account essential, considering the average values of the solid waste in Turkey, the results have been revised. As landfill gas production potential for the revised value of 170 m3per tonne it was used to store waste gas values. The above-mentioned calculated with the help of LandGEM method, with the actual amount of electricity generation from landfill gas production with another production facility, which began in year 2010 are quite compatible. In the study, the project planning stage and on completion, is shown in detail. In particular, the realistic figures on the cost of the project are used. The payback period is calculated and the profitability of the project. These and other projects, and to local governments an arrow contribute. These benefits, cheap way to dispose of municipal solid waste creates environmental problems, trade opportunities in the carbon market, and also greenhouse gases (methane) is useful in reducing. Providing electrical energy from a renewable resource; significant contributions to environmental care, improvements can be made. Therefore, this type of project, in the feasibility stage, realistic data to perform calculations with the help of the event, of the feasible projects for other cities will be able to implement and will constitute the first step of such projects. The data obtained with the approach (LandGEM), making the company the confirmation of the data, the project is important to hit the accepted value basis. However, as seen so far this election with the current results provide reasonably possible to obtain. The energy obtained from urban solid waste, in particular, has a great importance in meeting the local energy needs. Urban solid waste from energy production, with changing world conditions, then the developed countries, it has now been entered into the agenda of developing countries. In terms of developing countries, the benefit of a major investment in this area is that the employment created. Turkey is also developing a consciousness about it. This issue turned into a national project, the waste analysis, depending on the seasons, quantity and quality made and periodically updated is important to establish a data bank. In addition, investors and related industries by encouraging the principal to be directed to this type of investment should be maintained as an economic as well as social responsibility projects. The existing facilities for energy recovery from landfill gas, first and second stage are given regarding the feasibility of the project. The feasibility for the investment costs including the gas collection system, energy equipment, construction activities, operating costs, re-payment period and profitability calculations. The feasibility of this waste management facility is given with respect to the values of the current energy recovery potentials. Those feasibility projects involve the cost calculations for a gas collection systems and installation of related equipment's and tools, pre-investment studies, management expenses, repayment plan and the probability studies.