Exploration of psychotherapists' attitudes towards the adoption of artificial intelligence in mental healthcare: A theoretical thematic analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering mental healthcare, yet little is known about how psychotherapists in Türkiye understand and evaluate these tools. This qualitative study explored psychotherapists' attitudes toward AI adoption in psychotherapy, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 psychotherapists from different disciplines, levels of AI expertise, and therapeutic orientations. The researcher occupied a dual position as a clinical psychology student and a professional in a global technology company; this intersectional positionality provided sensitivity to both clinical and technological issues and was addressed through ongoing reflexive practices. Data were analyzed using theoretical thematic analysis to map participants' accounts onto TAM3 constructs. Three overarching themes emerged as part of the data analysis. "The spectrum of AI's perceived role" described AI as an assistant for administrative and clinical support tasks, a possible public health tool for triage and psychoeducation, and a controversial co-therapist. "Therapists' digital readiness and orientation" showed how digital literacy and theoretical stance shaped acceptance or skepticism. "Common concerns and preconditions for adoption" highlighted non-negotiable requirements around ethics, data privacy, alongside worries about loss of clinical autonomy. Overall, AI was accepted when it was perceived as augmenting rather than replacing human care, and when ethical, relational, and professional safeguards were credible. Finally, the study outlines specific recommendations for clinical practice, including the implementation of "Digital Anamnesis" to address shadow AI use, the integration of transparent AI policies in informed consent, and the adoption of "Session Drafts" to balance administrative efficiency with clinical integrity.