Isolation, identification and determination of biological activity of different fungus species

In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, interest in the use of products obtained from mushrooms has increased. Metabolites found in extracts of different mushroom species show antimicrobial effects, and studies on their therapeutic use are still ongoing. In addition to these, it has been reported in the literature that fungi show strong antioxidant effects as well as plants. In this thesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from fungal species isolated from various nutritional or agricultural wastes and molecularly defined using different solvents were investigated. The biosorption mechanism of fungal wastes formed during the thesis studies and the potential for use in wastewater treatment containing tetracycline were evaluated. In molecular identification studies, it was determined that isolate 1 isolated from cheese waste, isolate 2 isolated from agricultural waste and isolate 3 collected from Sivas are Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporum and Suillus collinitus species, respectively. Agar Disk Diffusion method was used in antimicrobial activity studies, and it was observed that the highest antimicrobial activity among the species isolated and identified in these studies was performed by P. chrysogenum. The test microorganism species most sensitive to acetone extract of P.chrysogenum was determined as Candida albicans. To determine the antioxidant activity, DPPH removal was tested and antioxidant activity was observed in the ethanol extract of P. chrysogenum. In order to examine the tetracycline removal activities of fungal wastes, preliminary experiments were made for biosorption, but it was determined that the biosorbents obtained from waste mushrooms were not suitable for tetracycline removal. FTIR and SEM analyzes were performed to elucidate the interaction of waste fungal biomass and tetracycline. As a result, P. chrysogenum was selected as the fungus species that showed the best antimicrobial activity according to the biological activity results, and the structure of the substances in the extracts of this species was tried to be clarified by LC-MS/MS analytical method. The thesis study has important results in terms of identifying local isolate fungal species and adding them to the culture collection, and determining and evaluating the biological activity of the native isolate fungal species P. chrysogenum according to the findings of this study.