The science of beyan in the context of Halil Fawzi Efendi's al Hashi̇yah Al-Jadida

Abü al-Qasim al-Samarqandi's (d. after 888/1483) famous treatise on metaphor and istiāra, al-Farāʾid al-fawa'id, Isamuddin al-Isferayini (d. 945/1538) wrote a commentary titled Sharḥ Risālat al-istiara. This study examines Halil Fawzi Efendi's al-Hashiyah al-jadidah ala sharh Isami al-Farida on Isamuddin's commentary and discusses its contributions to the declaration part of the science of rhetoric. Filibeli Halil Fawzi Efendi, as one of the exceptional personalities of the nineteenth century, has been one of the important scholarly circles of the Ottoman scholarly world with his activities in the field of both teaching and writing. This work of Halil Fawzi Efendi is in two volumes and consists of approximately one thousand pages. The author started his work in 1860 and continued to write in places where he served as a qadi and completed it in Istanbul in 1870. In his commentary, al-Fawzi Efendi deals extensively with the basic concepts and subtleties of the science of eloquence, with a special focus on beyān, but he rarely touches on other parts of the science of eloquence. While discussing a certain topic in his work, Fawzi Efendi frequently shifted to other topics such as sarf, nahw, istikaq, logic, philosophy, and kalam. It was observed that these transitions affected the integrity and flow of the work and drew the reader's attention in different directions. In this way, the author, who has established a broad connection between Islamic sciences, has produced a multidisciplinary work with his in-depth analysis. When dealing with a debate, the author first analyzes the words one by one and then blends them with different disciplines in order to reach the most accurate conclusion. In some places, he continued the subject without mentioning different opinions. In this respect, the work reveals the scholarly depth and high intellectual level of the Ottoman period.