Child according to philosophers: A historical study

Child is a concept that has changed in every period and social sense throughout history. Children's views of philosophers differ from each other in ancient, medieval and Modern times. This, of course, is also associated with the change of social life, the understanding of life that is effective in the period, and the situations involved in daily life. In ancient times, there is a view that the child should be a good person as a citizen, and the education that will be given to the child is directed in this way. The child has a potential by nature, and this potential can only be directed by education. In ancient times, education in the form of physical education, music and information categorized by age is considered appropriate. In the Middle Ages, the child is seen as a small adult and is raised to take on the responsibilities of adulthood. Because the first sin doctrin prevails, it is recommended that the child be taught within the framework of sharp, strict rules. In the Middle Ages, the view of the child is slightly different between the West and Islamic philosophers. Western philosophers have sharper views on the child, while Islamic philosophers express that there should be an education, training that the child can understand. In general, it is emphasized that a strict attitude towards the child should be maintained in social acceptance. In the Modern era, a child is an individual. He has his own feelings and thoughts. Guiding him correctly is the most fundamental point in the formation of his personality. The child practices what he is taught. Good behavior and habits become permanent only through frequent practice. Modern philosophers of the period have the view that violence, oppression and punishment methods should not be fundamental in children's education. For the child, love is essential and seen as a need. The false practices involved in education are changed, the value given to the child increases, and during this period education is focused on Love. This perspective continues its influence today. The child has changed meaning in the historical process and has been accepted as a person whose potential needs to be evaluated. Characteristics and situations that are inherent in the child are considered valuable today, and education and training are also organized according to it. In addition to basic education, the child who participates in cultural and social life becomes an individual who deserves both love and respect, as is evident in the views of philosophers. Keywords: Child, Childhood, Child According to Philosophers, Philosophy and Children.