AzaBODIPY for photodynamic, photothermal and sonodynamic therapy

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells within any organ or tissue. Traditional treatment methods in the clinical management of cancer include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. In addition to these conventional approaches, novel treatment modalities and appropriate materials are being developed. Among these emerging therapies are sonodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. In this thesis, a novel compound (1) containing both AzaBODIPY and dihydrophthalazindione units was synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed using various techniques, including ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemiluminogenic, sonodynamic, photodynamic and photothermal activities of compound 1 were assessed through chemical tests. The results indicate that compound 1 is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and can induce chemiluminescence. Furthermore, this novel compound 1 exhibits sonodynamic, photodynamic and photothermal features. Subsequently, in vitro studies demonstrated that compound 1 is effective in sonodynamic therapy (SDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). To the best of our knowledge, AzaBODIPY derivatives capable of triple therapy (PDT, PTT, and SDT) have not been previously reported in the literature. Thus, this thesis represents pioneering work in the field.