Football masculinity and violence: The case of nefer fan group

The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between masculine culture of football sıupporters (activities relate to football both inside and outside to the pitch) and violence observed (activities relate to football both inside and outside to the pitch). To form the sample of research Nefer Fan Group which is one of supporter groups of Eskişehirspor by using judgement sampling. 348 supporters of Nefer fan group were reached by using easy sampling method on internet with Google Documents forms. In accordance with the purpose of research, BEM Sex Role Inventory and Violence Culture Scale were used. The population of the study is comprised of football supporters in Turkey. Since the population is huge and difficult to reach, sampling of the study is chosen as 348 members of Nefer Supporter Group of Eskişehirspor. To collect data, BEM Sex Role Inventory, Violence Culture Scale and individual information form were used. To transfer and analyze the data, SPSS 22.0 Statistical Software Program was used. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) conducted and Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated to make reliability and validity analyses. To analyze obtained data, t-Test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analyses were used. When findings were examined, it is founded that there are significant relationships between masculine culture and violence endorsement, and between violence exposure and violence endorsement. Besides it is presented that levels of violence endorsement of participants differentiate significantly in terms of age groups and level of education. Thanks to findings obtained from this study, it is concluded that theoretical insights about understanding and preventing violence regarding football in Turkey can be supported by practical findings.