Determination of the effect of gadolinium on zebra fish (Danio rerio) at different temperatures by biomarkers

Rare earth elements (REEs) are used in various high-tech applications in various industries such as electrical and electronics, automotive, renewable energy, medical and defense. Therefore, the demand for REEs in the global market is increasing day by day due to the increasing demand from various sectors such as developing economies, green technology and R&D sectors. In parallel with the increase in the area of use, the RREE wastes released into the environment become harmful by creating residues in the environment and aquatic ecosystem and causing pollution. It is known that the changes that have occurred in the temperature increase due to climate change in recent years have negatively affected the vital activities of organisms. It is thought that the effect of all kinds of pollutants that are transmitted to the environment as a result of the increase in temperatures due to climate change increases with the temperature. In this presented study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Gadolinium (Gd), selected as a representative of NTEs at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 50 and 250 mg/L, on the model organism Danio rerio with increasing temperatures (22, 27 and 32 °C) using biomarkers and genotoxic studies. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in tissue supernatants taken from the experimental groups at 24 and 96 hours. In addition, genotoxic response (8-OHdG) was evaluated in samples taken from the experimental groups. The findings obtained as a result of the study data show that there are decreases in SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities; increases in TBARS levels and decreases in GSH levels; and increases in 8-OHdG levels. It is thought that the application concentration and temperature increases are effective in the results obtained as a result of the analyzes made.