Comparison of thyroid function tests and hemogram values in all three trimesters

Objective Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a disease that can cause significant complications in both mother and fetus. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the disease as early as possible and to make necessary lifestyle changes and to initiate appropriate treatment if necessary. Studies are underway to develop effortless, inexpensive and reliable methods that can be applied more quickly as an alternative to oral glucose tolerance test in diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function tests (TFT), hemogram test parameters and GDM, and to determine whether these laboratory tests were statistically significant in predicting GDM. Materials and Methods 451 pregnant women followed up between 2017-2019 were included in the study at Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinics in Central and Maternity Campuses of Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital. No selection was made on age, weight, gravida, parity and ethnic origin of the patients. Group 1: Patients diagnosed with GDM according to 75 g or 100 g OGTT results but not diagnosed with chronic endocrine or metabolic diseases (n = 226). Group 2: Healthy pregnant women without any additional disease and risk factors excluded from the diagnosis of gestational diabetes by 75 g or 100 g OGTT (n = 225). TSH, fT3, fT4 values of pregnant women; First, second and third trimester hemogram parameters were compared retrospectively. Findings: When both groups were compared, it was found that the age of GDM group was higher than the other group (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of TFT values (p> 0.05). While Hgb and Hct measurements, MCH values of both groups were higher than the other groups (p: 0.001), it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between RBC and RDW values (p> 0.05). When the MCV values were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed in the first trimester, but in the second and third trimester the MCV values were higher in the GDM group (p: 0.001). PLT, PCT, MPV, PDW values of platelet parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups for all three trimesters (p> 0.005). When WBC values were compared, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the first and second trimesters, it was found to be significantly lower only in the 3rd trimester (p: 0.001). while Neutrophil counts were not significantly different between the groups in the first and second trimesters, Neutrophil values were significantly lower in GDM group in the third trimester. When the lymphocyte values of all three trimesters were compared, while the lymphocyte count of the GDM group was higher than the other group in all trimesters (p: 0.001), it was found that there was no significant difference between groups for Eosinophil and Basophil values. When the PLR values of all three trimesters were compared, significant differences were found in the 1st and 2nd trimesters, and the significance was higher in the 1st trimester (p: 0.011). There was no significant difference in the third trimester. When NLR values were compared, a significant difference was found in the first trimester (p: 0.018), but no significant difference was found in the second and third trimesters. In the first trimester, PLR was found to be more significant than NLR. When ROC analysis made for 1.trimester PLR and NLR measurements, it was concluded that in cases with PLR of 109.71 and less, GDM risk would be 1,785 times higher and in cases with NLR value of 2.78 and less, GDM risk would be 1,598 times higher. Conclusion: Hemogram test can be performed quickly, easily and for all pregnant women who apply to outpatient clinic in almost all health institutions. The use of hemogram parameters to predict GDM in the early period may prevent many maternal and fetal complications. Randomized controlled studies involving more cases on this subject are needed. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, thyroid function tests, hemogram, platelet, PLR, NLR