Evaluation of tenascin-c and IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 levels in gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals

The aim of this study is to compare and valuate the levels of Tenascin-C, interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-4 levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontal healthy individuals. The study included 120 individuals, 40 with gingivitis, 40 with periodontitis and 40 with periodontal health. GCF and saliva samples of individuals were taken before and after treatment and stored at -80 ˚C. Tenascin-C (TN-C), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 levels of the samples were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. While there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of GCF TN-C level before treatment (p> 0.05), it was significantly lower in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups than in the healthy group after treatment (p˂0.05). GCF IL-4 level was significantly higher in the periodontal healthy group before treatment than in the other groups (p<0.05) and was similar among the groups after treatment (p>0.05). While GCF IL-1β level was significantly higher in the periodontitis group before treatment (p <0.05), it showed a significant decrease in both periodontitis and gingivitis groups after treatment (p<0.05). GCF IL-6 level was significantly higher in gingivitis group compared to other study groups (p<0.05). Salivary TN-C level before treatment was significantly lower in gingivitis group than other groups (p˂0.05). Within the limitations of this research, the high TN-C level may be associated with inflammation. The role of TN-C as a potential biomarker in the periodontal inflammation process needs to be further investigated.