Recent developments in solar power plants

In this study, the changes in panel efficiency, production costs, and operational performance in solar power plants, driven by recent technological advancements, have been examined through a comprehensive literature review. Various types of solar panels have been compared in terms of both cost-effectiveness and efficiency. According to the findings, new-generation solar cell technologies such as PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell), TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact), and HJT (Heterojunction Technology) significantly improve energy conversion efficiency compared to conventional cells. Moreover, the adoption of these high-efficiency cells has led to substantial reductions in electricity generation costs. Large-scale investments, particularly in China and other Asian countries, have played a decisive role in driving down global panel prices. In addition to advancements in panel technology, improvements in cooling and cleaning systems have also contributed positively to overall plant efficiency. While the use of autonomous cleaning robots is becoming more widespread, field tests on innovative applications such as hydrophobic surface coatings are ongoing. Furthermore, emerging technologies like perovskite-based cells and tandem structures, although not yet commercialized, are considered promising alternatives for the future. Based on the findings, this study recommends the integration of high-efficiency next-generation cell technologies, smart tracking and cleaning systems, and the promotion of domestic R&D in solar power plants. It is also suggested that strategic preparations should begin for the future commercialization of technologies such as perovskite and tandem solar cells.