Evaluation of foot measurements in Hallux valgus deformity according to radiological classification

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and objective assessment of hallux valgus deformity beyond the traditionally used Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA) and Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA). The study evaluates not only the first metatarsophalangeal joint but also the potential effects of the deformity on midfoot, ankle, and proximal skeletal structures. A total of 154 preoperative and postoperative radiographs from 77 individuals were analyzed. Seven angular parameters-HVA, IMA, IPA, TM1, M2M1TAN, MAA, and MPA-were measured. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality. Paired sample t-test was applied to normally distributed variables, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used for non-normally distributed data. Gender-based differences and inter-parameter correlations were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Statistically significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative measurements for HVA, IMA, IPA, TM1, M2M1TAN, and MPA, while no significant change was noted for the MAA parameter. Although some parameters showed higher values in females, the gender differences were not statistically significant. Several parameters exhibited moderate correlations postoperatively. The findings indicate that hallux valgus is not a deformity limited to the first toe but one that influences the biomechanics of the foot and ankle more broadly. Therefore, a more holistic approach should be adopted in both clinical evaluation and surgical planning.