Investigation of the use of Harris Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) in bird population control, affecting feed hygiene in animal shelters

This pioneering field study in Türkiye evaluated the effectiveness of the Harris's Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) in controlling wild birds threatening feed hygiene in animal shelters, as an eco-friendly alternative to harmful methods like poisoning and firearms. Conducted in a closed cattle shelter with ethical permissions and under trainer supervision, the 21-day study faced challenges such as the absence of expected snowfall due to climate change and a low bird population. Phototrap data recorded bird species frequencies as follows: magpie (Pica pica) 11.40%, pigeon (Columba livia) 8.26%, sparrow (Passer domesticus) 3.42%, and starling (Sturnus vulgaris) 1.71%. Unexpectedly, rats (Rattus norvegicus) dominated at 53.85%, attracting cats (Felis catus) at 18.80% and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) at 2.56%. These species limited birds' access to experimental feeders, making it impossible to collect feed consumption and microbial load data. Short-term flights of the Harris's Hawk (1 hour daily for 7 days) temporarily deterred birds, but they returned after the hawk left. Flight restrictions in the enclosed space and the presence of other animals limited the method's lasting impact. The study concluded that Harris's Hawk cannot permanently control wild birds in closed shelters. Climate change and multi-pest interactions hindered data collection, yet this research highlighted the need for integrated pest management (IPM) approaches in Türkiye and underscored the necessity for more comprehensive studies in different shelter types and open areas.