A comparison Hedley Bull's the common interest and the common value concepts to Martin Wight's the common culture concept: The Crimean War and treaty of Paris analysis from the perspective of the English School

In this study, the concept of international society introduced by the English School in the discipline of international relations will be examined in the light of the thoughts of Martin Wight and Hedley Bull, the founders of the British School. It will be the main aim of the discussion to find their different conclusions about what was the keystone that constituted the international community that depicts the collaborative attitudes of the states. Martin Wight and Hedley Bull have different thoughts about the international community. According to Martin Wight, the international community is created thanks to the common culture, as for that Hedley Bull international community is generated thanks to common interest/common value, this topic will be analyzed from the theoretical framework. Then the theoretical frame will be concretized with historical events and the thesis will proceed in the history-theory-event plane. This topic will be started in 1789 and ended in 1856. In particular, the transformation of the regulatory institutions of the international community (war, great Powers, diplomacy, international law and balance of power) between the years 1789 and 1856 will be examined. The French Revolution of 1789 is an important starting point for understanding the new order established by the Treaty of Paris as a result of the Crimean War in 1856. After the beginning of the French Revolution of 1789, Napoleon would be seen in the history scene in 1792 and would lead Europe into a series of wars until 1815. Napoleon's annihilation of the international system led to the emergence of a new order in 1815. This order, which was established with the Congress of Vienna in 1815, changed with the Treaty of Paris in 1856. Examining the 1815 and 1856 schemes, Martin Wight and Hedley Bull's perspectives of the international community will be highlighted and the concepts of the British School will be utilized. Thus, the Crimean War which started in 1853 between the Ottoman Empire and Russia will be interpreted in a historical context and the Paris Treaty, which is the output of this war, will be analyzed with the concepts of Martin Wight and Hedley Bull.