Hersiniyen Orojenik Sisteminin Doğu Avrupadaki Kısmının Geometrisi, Evrimi ve İskititlere Geçişi

The Hercynian Orogen, one of the best-known orogenic belts in the world, still hides many secrets concerning its evolution. This orogen formed through the collision between Laurussia and Gondwana-Land, which resulted in the supercontinent of Pangaea. Pangaea's formation began in the late Devonian with the onset of subduction and continued from the early-medial Carboniferous to the Permo-Triassic by means of collision. However, at the eastern part of this supercontinent, collision never happened and subduction continued in the Permo-Triassic. The coast of the Palaeo-Tethys known as Alpine-type Triassic succession was the scene of high mobility events in the core of the Pangaea in terms of Hercynian and Post-Hercynian stages. It is a fact that when the subduction process was still continuing, a rifting event began in the Permo Triassic at the eastern part of Pangaea by disrupting a magmatic arc. The results show a continuous arc goes from the Rhodope-Pontide Fragment in the north, through the Eastern Carpathians, Tisza Block, Western Carpathians, and Pelagonian Zone, to the Eastern Pontides in the south. Additionally, the lithostratigraphic charts of all the tectonic zones indicate the volcano sedimentary complexes, which show a rifting event as their most likely interpretation. As a consequence of this rifting, a marginal basin started to form beginning from the eastern part and tore westward by tracing the weak zones of the former arc. It began to take shape from the Karakaya Complex, goes through the Pelagonian zone and the Inner Western Carpathians namely Meliaticum into the Tisza Block in the Late Permian-Early Triassic. From the medial to the end of the late Triassic, the entire Hellenic-Dinaric System and Italy began to disintegrate, which started from the Pindos Zone in Hellenides and Sicily in Italy, and joined together into the Southern Alps by passing through all along the coast of the present Adriatic Sea. This presentation shows a reconstruction of the Mediterranean Tethysides at the time of the early Triassic. It was done by palinspastically restoring all the orogenic deformation for which data were to be had painstakingly and not just schematically. It is still incomplete, because it does not show the rift areas of the Sclafani-Imerese, Lagonegro and Pindos-Budva, except to show where they were. It also delineates the lie of the Karakaya and the Meliata rifts and shows that they were one and the same rift. Karakaya was later partly incorporated into the Vardar Ocean. Most of it closed during the earliest Jurassic, whereas the Meliata part was delayed until the late Jurassic. These closures are responses to two events: 1) Palaeo-Tethyan closure in case of Karakaya and 2) the opening of the South Atlantic in case of the Meliata. This paper addresses itself mainly to the solution of the Karakaya-Meliata problem.