The Detection and evaluation of rivayts related to the methods of hadith learning and teaching in the rijali essays of the iiith century of the history

The hadiths, which were generally transmitted orally in the first century of Hijrī I, were recorded in writing with the process of the systematization of the transmission of hadith, and these written materials were transmitted with certain methods. The methods of learning and teaching hadith, which emerged in the second century of Hijrī II for the purpose of controlling the hadith texts in written form, constitute the subject of this study. The methods of learning and teaching hadith and the technical issues related to them have been the subject of classical and modern studies in the field of hadith methodology. This study, on the other hand, evaluates the methods of learning and teaching hadith, the theory of which is put forward in the hadith methodology sources, within the framework of the narrations identified in the rijāl sources, and discusses their reflection in practice in the first two centuries. While evaluating the narration examples with all their variants, it is tried to draw attention to how hadith learning and teaching methods were applied before and after the systematization of hadith history and what their reflections were on the history of narration. As a result, the study first summarizes how the ways of receiving and transmitting hadith are conveyed in classical and modern sources, and then, within the framework of the narrations identified from the rijāl sources of the third century of Hijr, the narrations that constitute the basis for the information in the existing sources and the narrations that will enable new approaches to be put forward on the subject are evaluated. In doing so, the historical development and chronological development of these methods in the first two centuries were shown by taking into account the teacher-disciple relationship between the narrators, the narration words used, and the narration style of the period. At the end of the study, the narrations identified in the early period rical sources were searched in later rical sources and works of methodology, and some differences in the inclusion of narrations in these works were pointed out. In addition to the widely used methods of semā' and qiraat, munāwala and muqātaba were also used by famous muhaddithis. It was observed that the use of these methods took place between people who had a close teacher-disciple relationship. In addition, the systematization process of narration words was followed by pointing out the narration words used by those who received hadith from each other.