Investigation of the crystal structure and microstructure of hydroxyapatite based ceramic materials

In this thesis, Al and Zn doped hydroxyapatite bioceramics were produced by sol-gel method which is the most widely used method. The characterization of the produced samples was carried out as follows: The crystal structures and phase compositions of the samples were determined using data obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes and the effects of the additive on these features were tried to be determined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was used to identify the functional groups in the samples. The morphologies of the samples were determined with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzes and the effects of this contribution on the microstructure were also studied. As the amount of additive material changes, the crystal structures of the samples also change. As the amount of additive increased, it was observed that the degree of crystallization decreased. According to the results of X - ray diffraction (XRD), the samples were observed to be in nanocrystal structure. In the FTIR spectrum analysis, in particular, the presence of phosphate and hydroxyl groups was observed in the structure of the samples.