II. Abdulhamid Period educational activities of the Jesuit organization in the Ottoman soil (1876 – 1909)

The Ottoman Empire did not only face political issues in the XIX'th century, but also economic, social and educational problems disrupted the balance in the life sphere of the state. Missionary activities, one of the worrying events of the recent period, targeted the social integrity of the state. The organization that undertakes this goal at the educational level; It is the Jesuit organization, born from a missionary basis, with social and political competence. Based on the institutional identity of the Society of Jesus, it is possible to say that they are a systematic and disciplined community. Since its establishment, the Jesuits have worked hard to break the people's ties with the state and to disrupt the state order. While the Pope's civil servants were trying to expand the Latin Catholic sphere of influence, they also aimed to unite the East with the Roman Catholic world. For this unification policy, the Jesuits opened churches, monasteries and school institutions in the Ottoman geography and developed propaganda for the inclusion of existing Christian classes and other religious members into Catholicism. The Jesuit education campaign of the II. Abdulhamit (1876-1909) period took place in a wide area when archive documents were taken as reference and state institutions were very busy with this issue. Both unlicensed schools and missionary activities of the Jesuit Organization continued despite all prohibitions. Catholic missionary campaigns, which did not go unnoticed by the local administration and the public, received many complaints. These schools, which can survive with the support of France and the strong will of the Jesuit organization, have survived for a long time.