Naqshbandi during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II

Dervish lodge and sheikhs play an important role in the establishment of the Ottoman State. The presence of dervish lodges and sheikhs in the foundations of the state paved the way for the sultans to grow up around the Sufi culture and establish close relations with the dervish lodges and sheikhs. These relationships continued from the establishment until the collapse. The affiliation of the sultans to the sheikhs of the period always kept the relationship between the order and the state alive. Although the Ottoman State is a state where the Sufi culture is intense, the relations of the cult sheikhs are not limited to the sultans, and the relations between the cult members and the ulema-people have been developed. In social and political activities, people with religious orders showed their presence there. Our study is divided into three main sections. In the introduction part of our study, after giving a brief information about what Sufism is, information was given about the emergence, purpose and subject of Sufism. The fact that Sufism cannot be considered separately from the sects is in the first part of our thesis. Under which names the Naqshbandi sect showed its existence in the past and who took its current name in its time are among the topics we discussed in our first chapter. It was included in this section that some changes in the principles of the sect, the spread of it to large geographies through caliphs and murids after the Holiness of Bahaeddin Nakqshband. Naqshbandi started to show its presence in the Ottoman Empire since the reign of Sultan Mehmet II. In this process, it was investigated how Naqshbandi came to Anatolia and by whom it reached. In the second part, from the integration of the Ottoman Empire with the Sufi culture, the relations between the sultans and the sect sheikhs and the affiliation of the sultans to the sect sheikhs are discussed. In the third and last part, the main subject of our thesis is during the reign of Abdulhamid II, issues related to the Naqshbandi order were discussed. In this section, firstly information was given about the religious sect sheikhs Abdulhamid II was in contact with and the sheikhs he was affiliated with. Naqshbandi, which was also among the political activities, he appears as the supporter of Sultan Abdulhamid II. The sheikhs and their followers participated in the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878, which went down in history as the 93 War, between the Ottoman Empire and Russia. Nakshis and other sect sheikhs who supported Abdulhamid's military, political and religious policies participated in this war against kufar. In general, the Naqshbandi order, which was in good relations with the state officials during this period. It was supported by Abdulhamid, financial and moral aids were given to the tekkes, and the sheikhs were paid salaries. In all this positive atmosphere, there have been some cases that went wrong. In the events such as the closure of Bektashi lodges, the appointment of Nakshis sheikhs to the Bektashi shrines held open and the rebellion of Sheikh Ubeydullah, Naqshbandi played an active role. As a result of our research, the Naqshbandi order It was understood that during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II, it appealed to large masses in the Ottoman lands, especially in Payitaht, it was in good relations with state officials, ulema and public.