The Ottoman-Egypt relations in the Period of Abdülhamit II

The aim of this thesis is to determine what is the position of Egypt within the Ottoman Empire in the period of Abdülhamit II by studying the relations between Yildiz Palace and Egypt Khedivate. In order to understand the subject better, firstly it is needed to have got information regarding the Egypt's condition before II. Abdulhamit's time and the Egyptian geography. Because of this reason, by allocating the first chapter completely to this subject, it is dealt roughly with the political transformations that Egypt has got through from the antic period to the long process up to the enthronement of Abdülhamit II. Thus, it is targeted to manifest the historical background of the problems met when one comes to the II. Abdülhamit period in Egypt. Mısır which has become both an autonomous and privileged state upon the royal decree given to the Kavalali Mehmet Ali in 1841 is depicted how she has enhanced its privileges in the period of Abdülaziz who was the forerunner of II. Abdülhamit and gained Khedivate status. In the second part, firstly in the time of II. Abdülhamit's enthronement, the general condition and problems that Ottoman Empire has been summarized. In the time of the Ottoman-Russian war, it was seen for Khediv İsmail to have fullfilled his military obligation to the Ottoman Empire. However, II. Abdülhamit with the force of the Europe in 1879, had to appoint Tevfik the son by taking Ismail Pasha from the Khedivate. In 1881, he dealt with the riot of Urubi Pasha which emerged in Egypt. This riot ended with the English occupation of the Egypt in 1882. Despite adverse occupation (de facto) of the English, Ahmet Muhtar Pasha from 1885 to the 1908 was kept as the representer of the Ottoman Empire with the title of the "Egypt High Commissioner" in Egypt in which the Ottoman Sovereignity continued de jure. In 1892 when Tevfik died the son II Abbas was appointed as the new Khediv upon the rules of descent. After that time II Abdülhamit by to prevent the spreading of the English in the Akabe Gulf, in the meantime was busy with the Young Turks which was engaged with him adversely against him in Egypt.