Coups and coup attempts i̇n Turkish poli̇ti̇cal li̇fe si̇nce II. consti̇tuti̇onal monarchy

The period of constitutional monarchy is considered as an important period in terms of political history. In the 19th century, the Ottomans emerged after the pause in the West, and at the same time became a policy of the Ottoman State. Although westernization has shown a great deal of influence in the politics of the intellectual state, He gained a new impetus during the Constitutional period and determined the future of the Ottoman Empire. The intellectuals who think about why the Ottoman Empire was backward have developed the belief that the Constitutional Monarchy will revolutionize the state and all spheres of the society. In the second constitutional period, the most effective force that directs the society and the state is the Organization of Union and Progress. Union and Terror During the period from 1889 to 1908, it tried to put the constitutionality back into force and struggled, but when it was declared legitimate, it did not interfere with the state administration. Ittihat ve Teraki After the Second Constitutional Era, he attempted to take over the administration and after five years of effort he managed to take over the administration. This period refers to the period from 1908 tothe 1913 year when the Bab-i Al-i raidwasmade. The Republic of Turkey took over a bureaucratic structure that was institutionalized from the Ottoman Empire and this structure was the basis of the new order and the new administration. After the Second World War, the Republic of Turkey was able to adapt to the changing plan and passed a multi-party dream. This process was interrupted by the military coup of May 27, 1960, when the Democratic Party came to power, which had experienced an economic, political and social transformation. With the 1961 Constitution, appropriate social arrangements were made for a pluralistic and libertarian society. Within this framework, legislative, executive and judicial changes were made and the bureaucracy became effective again. With the libertarian atmosphere in the 1961 Constitution, it has brought multinationalism to theTurkish political life and, in this case, ensured that socialist, extremistand ultra-nationalist parties come to Meydan. But all these situations, the social crisis and conflict are inevitable. These events were intended to be prevented by the March 12, 1971 Memorandum, but with the intervention of the military, the ruling party has left its place to guided powers. As a result of the September 12th coup d'état of the institutional identity of the Turkish modernization struggle created by the influence on the army, the army changed and transformed in the last year. On September 12th, this change and transformation is a different face. In 2016, Turkey again tried to realize the Peace Operation of the Yurtta in the name of the military coupinitiative or the coup d'état of July 15th. The military coup attempt to be carried out by a group of soldiers in the Turkish Armed Forces with in the frame work of the Turkish Armed Forces between 15-16 July 2016 has been described as the official website of the Turkish Armed Forces and the announcement of the army in the TRT, It is declared that it is declared a ban on leaving the road. The coup attempt went on record as Turkey's first attempted military coup in political history 36 years after the September 12, 1980 military coupdetat.