III. Crusade

Crusades, XI. it is a political-military operation with a religious motif that the Western European world initiated at the end of the 20th century with the motto of "Saving the Holy Lands" with the aim of removing Turks from Anatolia and dominating the whole Near East. This great colonization movement, which lasted for about two centuries (1096-1293), first manifested itself with the first Crusade (1096-1099), and as a result, Crusader states were formed in Urfa, Antakya, Jerusalem and Tripoli. In addition to these four states, some parts of the coastline of Palestine and some parts of the Syrian land were captured by the Crusaders. As a result of the second Crusade (1147-1148), which emerged as a reaction to the loss of Urfa (1144) long after this campaign, the period of turning from defense to attack began with the unity of Muslims first in Surah and then in Egypt. The Muslims under the leadership of Ayyubi defeated the Crusader army in Hittin (1187). The conquest movements that followed this success resulted in the capture of Jerusalem and led to the end of the Crusader domination that lasted for about a century. The West's response to this defeat was not delayed and they responded with the Third Crusade (1189-1192). As in the first two crusades, the Pope, using his religious identity and attributing sacredness to this war, lit a new fire in the West and mobilized the whole of Europe. Germany, England, France, Sicily, Austria joined this struggle to recapture Jerusalem. The nobles, barons and knights across the country responded positively to the Pope's invitation. During this expedition, the German Emperor died, the kings returned to their country, and some knights who were passionate to show heroism perished in the lands of Palestine. Despite this, with the Third Crusade, the Franks' presence in Syria and Palestine continued for another century. Particularly, the capture of Cyprus from Byzantium caused the Crusaders to become an important base in their future struggles. The Third Crusade ended with a treaty signed in Remle on September 3, 1192. This agreement has been signed for three years and eight months. According to the agreement, the Western world will be able to visit the sacred areas freely, civil and unarmed, Muslims and Christians will be able to travel and trade in each other's countries, and the city of Askalan will be destroyed.