İki aşamalı tedarik zincirinde taşıma maliyetleri ile fiyatlandırma ve sipariş miktarı belirleme kararları

In this thesis we consider a single-buyer single-supplier supply chain. The market demand is sensitive to the selling price set by the buyer. Constant-elasticity and linear demand functions are adopted. The buyer and the supplier operate with unit product costs, inventory holding costs, order placement costs, and transportation (freight) costs. We develop models for determining the optimal lot sizing and pricing decisions in centralized and decentralized systems under various transportation cost sharing schemes. Existing models for the problem do not consider the transportation costs with price sensitive market demand, and they determine the optimal decisions through an exhaustive search. A novel approximate solution procedure, along with simple search heuristic procedures, is proposed. We report computational results on the effectiveness of the proposed procedures and the available methods from the literature. In addition to supply chain modeling, we evaluate the effectiveness of coordination mechanisms in the same setting where the buyer is responsible for the transportation cost. We also study the effectiveness of transportation cost sharing contracts, quantity discounts, and volume discounts. We formulate models to determine optimal policies and evaluate their performance through a numerical study. The results of the study demonstrate that transportation cost sharing contract is not an effective mechanism. Volume discounts are more effective than quantity discounts, whereas the most effective coordination mechanism is to offer quantity and volume discounts simultaneously.