Adaptive controller design for load frequency control in two area power systems

In this thesis, five different power system models, frequently preferred in the literature, are examined to achieve more effective load frequency control in power systems. The study investigates a two area non reheat thermal power system, nonlinear non reheat thermal power systems with GDB and GRC features, as well as multi source single area and multi source two area power systems. For each model, the performance of controllers that have been proven effective in the literature is comparatively evaluated with the adaptive TANH-PID controller proposed in this thesis. The controller design aims to minimize overshoot and achieve a fast transition to the steady state. To this end, the adaptive TANHPID controller is integrated with the hippopotamus optimization algorithm and the ITAE performance index to obtain optimal controller parameters for each system. In the analysis, performance criteria such as frequency deviation, tie-line power variation, and settling time are considered. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller shows superior performance compared to existing methods in the literature across all examined systems. This superiority stems from the adaptive hyperbolic tangent structure of the proposed controller, which enables a fast and stable response during transient conditions, along with high robustness against external disturbances and variations in system parameters.