The understanding of human actions and choice in the early period faith and political madhhabs: Risalatu'l-Munjiyya example by Marashi

The effect of ikhtiyar (choice) on human actions or the power and will of the subject has been one of the most controversial and difficult to grasp topics since the rise of the Kalami thought. Whether the servants themselves have or Allah (swt) has an effect on the actions of men, or whether they both have an effect and influence, if there is, to what extent and in what forms the influence of Allah (swt) and his servants are, who is responsible for the behaviours of the servants as a result are all debates that have primarily occupied the minds of Islamic scholars throughout history. Issues such as human actions, freedom, destiny and compulsion, besides being religious issues, are also directly related to social life, management and production. The issue, which maintains its importance even today, is undoubtedly among the topics discussed in the period of the Ottoman scholar Ahmad al-Marashi, who lived in the eighteenth century. In fact, since every scholar is a witness of the age in which he lived, it is possible to understand the age, with what he wrote and did. In this context, Ahmad al-Marashi witnesses the problems of the eighteenth century, the period of decline of the Ottoman Empire. It is also very meaningful that Marashi brought up two concepts such as compulsion and choice, which stand in the history of humanity, and, which caused great problems and traumas in the history of Islam to the agenda, through madhhabs and mentalities. The influence of the thought of compulsion is undeniable not only in the religious field but also in the context of worldview. It is possible to see er-Risalat al-Munjiya as a work done to overcome inertia and laziness and end the period of decline. Marashi, who argues that the views of Jabriyya and Mu'tazila, who have two opposing views on the actions of the servants, are not correct, tries to explain the issue from the perspective of Ahl al-Sunnah and Maturidiyya and to prove that the choice affects choosing acts with rational (aql) and transmitted (naql) evidence. In this study, Ahmad al-Marash's work named al-Risâlat al-Munjiya min vasvasat al-Mu`tazila wa al-Jabriyyah (Risâla-i Munjiyah) was taken as a basis and examined how the issues related to human actions were discussed. It is aimed to introduce Marashi's views on the subject to the world of science.