Investigation of temperature change in peripheral bone during implant osteotomy with different drilling techniques in vitro study

During an implant osteotomy, a significant portion of the energy used in drilling is converted into heat due to friction. The resulting frictional heat and temperature rise are risk factors for bone necrosis, which may impair the primary stability of the implant. There are various factors that will affect the temperature change in the preparation of the implant site. This study aims to examine the effects of implant osteotomy systems on temperature changes occurring in the peripheral bone during implant osteotomy. In our study, different densities of synthetic bone blocks simulating human jawbones were used. Using three different implant osteotomy systems (Standard technique, Single drill technique, Osseodensification technique) at each bone density, different rotation speed (800 rpm and 1600 rpm), different drill lengths (8 mm and 12 mm), and different drill diameters (1.6 mm, 3.3 mm and 4.3 mm) variables during bone osteotomy were examined in vitro conditions. Factors affecting temperature change in peripheral bone were compared with multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, implant osteotomy systems were compared in terms of temperature change. According to the results obtained in our study, the most effective parameter on temperature change was implant osteotomy systems in D1, D2, and D3 density bones; In D4 density bone, it was the drill diameter. In addition, the lowest temperature rise values in D1, D2, and D3 density bones were reached in conventional drilling techniques. On the other hand, in D4 density bone, the mean temperature measurement of the single drill technique group was found to be significantly lower than the other techniques. The results of our study show that different surgical protocols should be established for different bone densities to reduce the temperature change during implant osteotomy and to achieve more successful implant applications.