Determination of enzyme inhibition, antihypertensive activities and salt (NaCl) elicitation of Pistacia vera L., raısed In Vitro and In Vivo

In this study, Pistacia vera L. (Pistachio) seeds were germinated with a control group in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without any plant growth regulator but under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 150, 250 mM) that used as an elicitor. The antihypertensive properties, antioxidant activities, enzyme inhibition activities of the roots, stems and leaves of the In vitro germinated seedlings treated with different salt concentrations, and the same parts of the male and female genotypes grown under natural conditions were compared. In general, it was determined that salt elicitation applications increased the biological activity compared to the control groups; in addition, In vivo extracts had higher values than In vitro extracts. The most increased antihypertensive activity (77.7) was obtained from In vivo female leaf extracts. In addition, In vivo extracts were found to have more effective results against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibition. Among the tested extracts, it was determined that male root extracts of In vivo genotypes showed a strong inhibitory effect in terms of both antiurease (61.98±1.71) and antityrosinase (35.28±0.27) activities. Furthermore, In vivo root parts of female genotypes were rich in total phenolic content (316.79±4.26) and In vivo root parts of male genotypes were rich in total flavonoid content (44.37±1.55). All studied extracts exhibited antioxidant activity according to the antioxidant test results (DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC). However, In vivo leaf extracts of male genotypes were noted to exhibit significantly higher antioxidant activity than the standard results of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (α-TOC). Therefore, it was concluded that the parts of P. vera L. studied within the scope of this thesis constitute a high potential for pharmacological studies.