Unmanned aerial vehicles air traffic management in very low-level operations

With the increasing usage of unmanned aircraft systems, operations at various altitudes and geographical regions are also rising. Operations up to 400 ft above ground level are classified as Very Low-Level (VLL) unmanned aircraft system operations. The growing number of VLL operations necessitate systematic regulation and standardization for this level of traffic. "Air Traffic Management" is responsible for finding solutions that reconcile safety, efficiency, and economy while considering the needs of airspace stakeholders. Complementary concepts in Air Traffic Management have been developed to provide the necessary environment and services for implementing VLL operations. The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management Concept (UTM) and the European U-Space's Concept of Operations for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management Systems (CORUS) provide valuable approaches for managing unmanned aircraft operations in both controlled and uncontrolled airspace in a safe, efficient, and flexible manner. Both concepts describe services, procedures, processes, and requirements for integrating VLL unmanned aircraft operations into existing airspace and facilitating communication between all airspace users. This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in regulations between the two concepts. Based on current definitions, an evaluation was conducted to develop our country's VLL unmanned aircraft system traffic ecosystem.