Universe symbols in pre-Islamic Turkish societies

Beliefs and religion have been at the heart of the old Turks' idea of the universe, so that these societies also need to embody these abstract concepts. This embodiment is attributed to various elements on earth and reflected in symbols. Accordingly, these societies formed the world order with the central axis. As the ancient Turks started to search for meaning in their fears, questions and obscurity in the early times; they came to the idea of a universe that depicts the world they live in, the dome and the underworld. In this thesis, It is aimed to understand the thought systems of these societies that are connected to their rulers, which are formed with the understanding of the state of belief origin of the old Turks, and the functioning and change of their living conditions and beliefs. The elements of ancient Turkish thought systems (mountain, tree, pole and pole star) show how they perceive the universe in symbols thanks to their mythological meaning. In this context, the universe ideas of ancient Turkish societies shed light on the research subject in detail with these elements in the sections of the subject. This topic was written with information from written sources. The life, beliefs, thoughts and philosophies of the researchers were examined within the framework of the historical process in chronological order. The ways in which ancient Turks perceive the universe based on the symbols and mythologies of the universe have been infinite and unlimited. In this context, world and space conceptions were formed and boundaries were formed. In the beginning, people's thinking of the earth in water changed, and the elements of the universe increased with time and each one was given holiness. Although the general understanding of these societies has changed, universe ideas have been established on central thought systems.