İstanbul'da 20. ve 21. yüzyıllar arasında konut alanlarının mekansal değişimin analizi: Suadiye- Plaj Yolu sokak örnegi

Spatial changes in cities are experienced due to the overlapping and stratification of many different events and factors over time. The commercial, economic, social and political identities of the cities, in addition to the geographical, cultural and historical characteristics, reveal different perspectives of spatial changes. Istanbul, being one of the most important capitals of history, has served many civilizations and cultures for centuries due to its strategic features. The decisions and practices in Istanbul in the 20th and 21st centuries, during the transition from being the capital of the Ottoman Empire to becoming the most populous metropolitan city in the Republic of Turkey, have been investigated. Political, economic, urban and social decisions and practices that affect the change of residential areas have been examined under five time periods. The spatial changes in the historical process have been analyzed by establishing the relationship of the data obtained for each period through Suadiye. For more detailed and accurate research, in the study investigating the spatial change in residential areas in the 20th and 21st centuries, the relations of decisions, laws, practices and governments with each other have been listed chronologically and the process has been divided into 5 periods, based on studies and scientific publications on similar subjects. The changes in the residential areas in Istanbul in the pre-Republic period, the period between 1923 to 1950, the period between 1950 to 1980, the period between 1980 to 2000 and the period between 2000 to 2020 have been analyzed. The developments and changes in the residential areas in the Suadiye have been found to be related to the events affecting the residential areas in Istanbul in the same periods. In the pre-Republic period, the spatial characteristics of the urban structure of Istanbul, decisions and practices, and residential areas in and outside the city center have been discussed. In the period between 1923 and 1950, the changes occurred in Istanbul after the capital of the newly established Republic of Turkey was moved to Ankara, and the effects of the changes on residential areas, planning studies, decisions affecting the urban structure have been discussed. The effects of the industrialization process in the metropolitan city of Istanbul in the period between 1950 to 1980 and the results of the decisions and practices taken have been examined. The change of residential areas in the city, which spreads due to population growth, has also been discussed. The period between 1980 to 2000 has become outward-oriented in Turkey's economy, developments in the country and, in fact, all over the world began to show the effects of globalization in all areas. In this period, the traces of globalization started to be seen with spatial changes in cities. In Istanbul, where office blocks, hotels, foreign companies and new buildings of banks are still on the rise, changes in residential areas have been discussed. The economic crisis at the beginning of the 21st century caused many investments and projects to stop in the country. However, with the change of the government in 2002, a new economic model was adopted and consequently, many developments affecting the housing sector were experienced. By analyzing the results of the surveys conducted on the Plaj Yolu Street case study of the Suadiye neighborhood and the survey results throughout the neighborhood, a conclusion regarding the change has been reached. Due to the examination of the change over residential areas, the change has been demonstrated with maps, plans, graphics, zoning status and archived visuals have been used. The residential areas in Suadiye have been examined through Plaj Yolu Sokak and physical characteristics of the change have been determined. In Istanbul and Suadiye, the consequences within the city and long-term effects of the same decisions within the same process have been examined. The effects of city-wide events on the change in residential areas and how they affect the residential areas in Suadiye and the residents have been explained. With the literature study in which the reasons and effects of the spatial changes experienced in residential areas in Istanbul have been analyzed, the changes in the residential areas in Suadiye have been determined. Throughout history, not only Istanbul's urban and spatial changes have not been the result of a single process or a single decision, but also many decisions and practices taken in the process have also had different effects. In the study in which the spatial change in Istanbul is examined under five periods, the Suadiye region has been examined under a separate section. The reasons and results of the spatial changes in the residential areas have been determined by adding the residential examination in Plaj Yolu Street and the survey study in the neighborhood to the research in Suadiye and Istanbul.