J. Rawls' theory of economic justice and Turkish economy

This study deals with the economic dimension of justice. Justice has been accepted as the 'value of values' since Aristotle. In this regard, opinions were presented about the content of justice both in the Torah and the Qur'an, and in the works of Eastern and Western thinkers. J. Rawls did the most comprehensive work on justice in the 20th century. He also advocated justice like Aristotle and opposed utilitarianism by emphasizing justice in an environment where everything was sacrificed for the sake of utilitarianism. Rawls emphasized that, subject to the Kantian tradition, one should not be instrumentalized for the sake of others, but should be seen as a goal. Rawls chose a different method from Kant when he was grounded justice under the pressures of extreme positivism in the time he lived. Instead of Kant's numenal-transcendental-metaphysical dimension, Rawls moved from the empirical 'original position' analogy. He tried to establish 'liberalism without metaphysics' by Sandel's statement. Rawls has defended a self that is not affected by changes by separating qualities from self. This approach results in the fact that in terms of economic justice the qualities of a person are a common social value and are not seen as a means of rewarding or punishing a person. Therefore, income and wealth should be distributed in such a way that the in those most disadvantaged situation in society will be most advantageous. For him, the social policies proposed by liberal libertarians and meritocratic opportunists are not enough. Achieving equal opportunity without removing absolute inequalities will not fix the end result. In the first part of the work, definitions of justice and economic justice will be given. Economic justice will be dealt with in the second part in the pre-modern period, in the third section in Islam and in the fourth section in the West. In the fifth chapter, J. Rawls' economic justice statements, which constitute the main line of work, will be analyzed. Nozick, Sandel and MacIntyre will be criticized. In the sixth chapter, Turkish Economy will be examined in terms of compliance with various data and indexes of economic justice.