John Wycliffe and his criticisms of the papacy

The thesis at hand examines the life of the 14th century English theologian and philosopher John Wycliffe and his opinions which, within the domain of Christianity, have traditionally been considered pro-reform. Underlying his opinions are criticisms of the Papacy?s excess worldliness and its suspected exploitation of the authority derived thereof in reinforcing its institutional self-interests. Contrary to other forerunners of the reformist movement, John Wycliffe never faced any serious threats during his lifetime, much owing to the strong support of the political powers of the time.The study consists of an introduction and three main chapters. The introduction focuses on the significance of the subject matter and the incentives behind its choice as a field of study, as well as the method implemented in its pursuit.The first chapter recapitulates the sociopolitical and religious atmosphere of Wycliffe?s England, with the purpose of setting the scene for the main discussion.The second chapter begins with Wycliffe?s early childhood and education, proceeding to expand on his subsequent struggle against mendicant friars, the various duties he undertook at the University of Oxford, an institution of especial biographical importance for Wycliffe not least for dragging him under the political limelight, his lectures at Oxford and the promulgation of his ideas through his work as priest.In the context of Wycliffe?s criticism of the Papacy, the third chapter probes his objections to the Vatican?s claim of worldly authority, his review of what he labels as the Church?s abuse of numerous practices, including indulgence and excommunication, and his position with regard to the sacraments.