Preparation and application of molecularly imprinted sensor for kanamycin detection

In this study, a new method has been developed on the molecularly imprinted polymer electrode for the determination of kanamycin (KAN) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. First, a glassy carbon electrode was coated with graphene oxide and a pyrrole solution containing KAN was polymerized. Later, KAN molecules were removed from the KAN suppressed polymer surface using acid and molecular traces specific to KAN were obtained. Prepared electrodes and electrode materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), alternating voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The preparation steps of the KAN printed electrode have been optimized for different parameters. A calibration study was carried out determining the charge transfer resistances of the redox probe used against different KAN concentrations incubated on the developed electrodes. The linear detection range of the study was 5 nM-1000 nM and the calibration equation were calculated as Rct = 0,21118 + 0,00057 [KAN]. Besides, the limit of detection of the developed method (LOD) was found as 5 nM. The accuracy and precision of the developed method were found to be high and accurate because the obtained values were less than 4%, between intraday and between days for five consecutive days. The interference effects of 1 mM Na+, 1 mM NH4+ groups together with tobramycin, gentamicin, penicillin, and amoxicillin, which are likely to interfere with kanamycin, were examined. Tap water and milk samples were used to determine the real sample performance of the KAN determination method which was successfully performed in these samples.