Usability of calcerous clays in wall and floor tiles and investigation of their thermal behaviour

In this thesis, the effect of different amounts of marl incorporation usage on commercial wall and floor tiles were thoroughly investigated. Firstly, chemical and mineralogical properties of marl were determined. Then, at the increasing amount of marl (up to % 8 marl) containing wall and floor tile recipes were prepared. The sintering behaviour and technological properties of bodies were examined by decreasing marble on wall tile recipes. By that way, CaO was decreased on body, on the other hand alkaline oxides and MgO was increased. The body properties were investigated by decreasing amount of Na containing feldspat and increasing amont of marl, Fe2O3 and alkaline-earth oxides. The vitrification behaviour of Standard bodies together with marl containing bodies was evaluated by using optical dilatometer. Densification behaviour was analized with He pycnometer and other parameters (shrinkage, , water absorbtion, absorbtion, strength). XRD was used to analyze phases which are formed after firing. SEM was also used in order to observe the microstructural characteristics of bodies. After evaluating technical properties of the test results, it is possible to say that according to TS EN 14411, marl can be used in wall and floor tile formulations as an alternative raw material.Keywords: Marl, vitrification, composition, technological properties