A hybrid model to increase the efficiency of signalization according to traffic density at crossroads

The ecosystem in which pedestrian, vehicle and peripheral units (stimulating and control systems) interact with each other is integrated with the word traffic. When it comes to traffic density, the meter-long vehicle queues, especially at certain hours, come to life in our memories. In a dynamic such as a traffic mechanism, more than one parameter guides us in determining the level of traffic density. The first appearance of these parameters dates back to the early times, when the number of vehicles and pedestrians, as well as their interactions with each other were observed. It enables the vehicles to travel in a certain order while they are on the road; In order for traffic rules such as right of way and order of passage to be applicable, a major controller and routing system design is needed. The design of these systems is also expressed as signaling. Along with the signalization work carried out in traffic, various models, which we call simulation, can be adapted to real life, which can foresee and detect any problem that may adversely affect the traffic flow, and contain information about the traffic flow in various variations, together with different data. In today's conditions, we can access system design and modeling, which can measure and analyze the traffic density on the basis of the desired day and hour, evaluate it according to the results, and make the optimum decision, through simulation programs. The event inspired by the emergence of the thesis is that our country has a 70% foreign dependency in the consumption of primary energy resources such as oil and natural gas. Every second that thousands of vehicles are idle in traffic, it causes unnecessary fuel consumption and CO2 gas emissions. Time wasted in traffic; It causes great destruction both in economic terms for our country and in environmental terms due to the increase in the greenhouse gas effect worldwide. In order to minimize all these negative effects and create added value in economic terms, I aimed to prepare this thesis. In the content of the thesis; In order to calculate the optimum delay and waiting vehicle times, together with the signaling study, at the traffic bottleneck intersections, models were created within the Matlab program by using four different analysis approaches and implemented in two different simulation programs that are close to reality. In order to determine which of the applied methods is suitable for optimum conditions, the parameters that provide the optimum conditions according to the dynamic flow of the traffic were determined, and the average delay times per vehicle were calculated with the traffic simulation programs, webster modeling and genetic algorithm used in the intersection approach arms. The results were compared with each other. The determination of the method, which has the minimum delay time of the same traffic density, is shared in the conclusion and discussion section. The fact that petroleum, which is the raw material of fuel spent unnecessarily due to delays in traffic, leads the total energy supply in Turkey's primary energy resources with a rate of approximately 29%, has been the source of inspiration for the thesis study.