Ontology of kalam: The theory of umūr al-āmma in al-Jurjānī

This study, which aims to investigate the influence of al-Jurjānī on the issues of umūr al-āmma as a name that brought the tradition of philosophical theology to its peak, consists of an introduction and two chapters. In the introduction section, the subject, scope, aim, method, plan, sources, and preparation for the subject, information about ontology in theology and the ontology of theology is given, based on both the definition and content of theology. In the first part of the study, the framework of the concept of umūr al-āmme is established, and its development and transformation process in terms of its usage forms and content is discussed. Then, the place of umūr al-āmma in Islamic philosophy and theology is determined through the organization and definitions in the works of philosophers and theologians. Then, it is mentioned that al-Jurjānī constructed the issues of umūr al-āmma in Sharḥ al-Mawāqif under the influence of theologians such as Tūsī and Ījī before him. Again, in this section, names that deeply influenced the scholarly tradition of the period are included in order to reveal the journey of umūr al-āmma in the Ottoman Empire. At this point, the importance of al-Jurjānī, his life, the sociocultural environment in which he grew up and lived, the people who can be considered important in the crystallization of his views on umūr al-āmma and his works are discussed. In addition, the treatises on umūr al-āmma written in the Ottoman Empire are discussed in terms of the course of the issue after al-Jurjānī. The second part of the study is based on al-Jurjānī's treatment of the issues of umūr al-āmma in Sharḥ al-Mawāqif and adheres to the organization in this work. However, the sub-titling has been reconstructed in order to reveal the relationship between the concepts of umūr al-āmma. It has been taken into account that al-Jurjānī constructed his work based on al-Ījī's organization as a commentary on al-Mawāqif. First, the discussions on whether the concepts analyzed in terms of definition and scope can be defined or not are emphasized. Again, the relationship between concepts and their opposites is mentioned problematically. Finally, it has been determined that al-Jurjānī presents his views on the issues of umūr al-āmma through al-Ījī's work but from a much broader perspective.