A model proposal based on morphological, perceptual and functional boundary factors affecting static activity in urban space: The case of Balikesir city centre

Static activities, which are one of the main components of vitality in urban space, strengthen social relations and create hospitable street environments where social bonds can be established. In architectural design and urban planning, the concept of boundary, which is expressed with a line to create and define space, appears as a phenomenon that constructs relationships in static activity streets where daily life takes place, supports social communication by creating specific spaces, and unites urbanites. The aim of this thesis is to create a model that measures the effects of morphological, perceptual and functional boundary factors on static activity levels. Thus, it will be possible to understand the relationship between the boundary factors that are effective in urban space and static activity patterns without ignoring user behavior. The model created to measure the boundary factors affecting static activity areas consists of two steps: street and building scale. Connectivity and surrounding, which were determined as morphological boundary factors in the research, were measured with the Space Syntax method axial and visibility analyzes. Among the perceptual boundary factors, the enclosure was evaluated with the data obtained from the ratio of the building height to the street width, while the permeability was determined by measuring the fractal dimension on the facades. Diversity analysis was used to determine the unification factor among the functional boundary factors, and fractal dimension data of street sections were used to measure the territoriality factor. In the study, user behavior data was obtained by determining the number of individuals using the static activity streets by observation method. As a result of the research, the effect of connectivity, enclosure, unification, surrounding, permeability and territoriality factors, which create a boundary effect at the street and building scale, on the formation of static activity textures was proved, and it was found that there were significant relationships between these factors and user behavior. As a result of the study, it is thought that the model created based on three different approaches will be a guide for the improvement of streets with static activities, especially in city centers, or the design of new spaces where such activities will take place. KEYWORDS: Static activity, morphological boundry, perceptual boundry, functional boundry, Space Syntax, fractal geometry.