Analysis of heat island formation in urban landscape planning with remote sensing method; a case study of Samsun

It was felt necessary to investigate the effect of the Urban Heat Island effect, which occurs with the population growth in the cities, on the environmental factors of the city and the macro-scale climate change. For this purpose, the relationship between Land Surface Temperature, which is closely related to the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island, and environmental factors such as NDVI, NDBI, Albedo, and Land Use/Land Cover change was investigated by remote sensing method. Algorithms were applied to the raw data of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images by using the Arc Gis 10.2 and Q Gis 3.16 utilities. As a result of the analyzes made, the amount of green space decreased by 14,1% between 2000 and 2020 in the study area, which includes the central districts of Samsun, İlkadım and Atakum, and the rural areas of Bafra and Ondokuz Mayıs. It has been observed that this rate is shared as 7,1% in built up areas and 7,33% in bare soil areas. Considering the effect of the decrease in green areas on the Land Surface Temperature value, in 2000 while maximum Land Surface Temperature is 41,75 °C, it is seen that in 2020 increased to 43,44 °C. It was observed that the increase in Land Surface Temperature was in the built-up area class. While the NDVI index increased by 0,05 and the NDBI index by 0,03 in 20 years across the study area, Albedo decreased by 0,01. The effect of all these findings on the formation of Urban Heat Island, it was defined quantitatively by calculation of the UTFVI index. As a result of the field analysis made from the UTFVI maps, in 20 years there is an 84% decrease in the None slice, a 104% increase in the Weak slice, a 10% decrease in the Middle slice, a 15% decrease in the Strong slice, an 8% increase in the Stronger slice, and an increase of 179% in the strongest slice. The most intense increase is in the strongest slice and reveals the Urban Heat Island effect.