Impact analysis and case study of flashing, explosive chemical compounds in chemical processes safety

Nowadays, incidents such as fire, explosion, chemical substance release, which are faced in the first place chemical industry and lots of other sectors, cause many loss of lives and properties and ecocide. Studies which are done for preventing and keeping under control of these dangers are discussed under 'Process Safety' term and process safety is a management process which is done for preventing major industrial accidents. Risk analysis, emergency plan preparation, SEVESO process, studies for atmospheres explosive, studies for explosion which are developed based on like IEC 60079 which was brought as a part of 'Occupational Health and Safety' law, makes inevitable to become integrated technical and management areas of Process Safety. As it is known, chemical industry have various risks and these risks cause much loss of lives and environmental hazards. In a chemical plant, the main dangers can be classified as mechanical threats, fire, explosion, reactive compound dangers and toxic hazards. Although it is not possible to remove these risks, they can be reduced to acceptable levels. The explosive atmospheres which is a chemical plant explosion type of chemical plant accidents, causes costly and fatal accidents. The most effective cause of explosions is the release of combustible gas and vapor. To designate possible hazardous zones which may occur in plants, it is necessary to determine the physical properties of gases and liquids which cause explosion and to determine of the sources of release in the facility. For this purpose, flow rate and mass flow rate of the gases and liquids which can cause the formation of hazardous zones should be predetermined, and the plant should be optimized accordingly these parameters. In this thesis, the main purpose is to discuss current case in Turkey for process safety, to evaluate the application of ATEX, fire safety, occupational safety and process control, to discuss the balance between application of chemical substances management and process safety. For this purpose, flow rates, mass flow rates, releasing rates, volumetric flow rates of gas and liquids and flow of the gases and liquids which can cause the formation of hazardous area were pre-determined for an actively working plant. In this study, the data was collected for the determination of flow rates, release rates, gas and liquid flow rates, the theoretical critical pressures and critical temperatures of gas and liquid chemicals which constituted a hazardous area in a chemical plant. Regarding these data, process safety parameters were determined and possible hazards, like explosion and fire, were modeled avoid to accident.